HTML5 файылын жасау
Элементтер html5 файылын құрайтын құрылыс блоктары. Құжатты жасау үшін бізге қарапайым мәтіндік файлды жасау керек, файл кеңейтімі ретінде *.html көрсету керек.
Мәтіндік файлды құрайық, оны индекс деп атаймыз және оның кеңейтімін .html етіп өзгертейік.
HTML5 файылын жасау Содан кейін бұл файлды кез келген мәтіндік редакторда, мысалы, Notepad++ бағдарламасында ашыңыз. Файлға келесі мәтінді қосыңыз:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
бос орын
</html>HTML5 файылын жасау үшін бізге алдымен екі элемент қажет: DOCTYPE және html. Doctype немесе Document Type Declaration элементі веб-браузер құжат түрін хабарлайды. берілген құжаттың html құжаты екенін және html4 немесе белгілеу тілінің басқа нұсқасы емес, html5 пайдаланылатынын көрсетеді.
Ал оның бастапқы және аяқталу тегтерінің арасындағы элемент htmlқұжаттың бүкіл мазмұнын қамтиды.
Элемент ішінде html біз басқа екі элементті орналастыра аламыз: head және body. head элементте веб-беттің метадеректері meta — веб-парақша тақырыбы, кодтау түрі және т.б. орналасады, сондай-ақ сыртқы ресурстарға сілтемелер — стильдер, сценарийлер, егер олар пайдаланылса. Элементтің body өзі html бетінің мазмұнын анықтайды.
Енді index.html файлының мазмұнын келесідей өзгертейік мысалы:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Документ HTML5</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>Содержание документа HTML5</div>
</body>
</html>Бас элементі екі элементті анықтайды:
- элемент title беттің тақырыбын білдіреді
- Элемент meta беттің мета ақпаратын анықтайды. Таңбаларды дұрыс көрсету үшін кодтауды көрсеткен жөн. Бұл жағдайда атрибутты пайдаланып charset=»utf-8″utf-8 кодтауын көрсетеміз.
Элемент элементінің ішінде блокты безендіретін body тек бір элемент пайдаланылады — . div Бұл блоктың мазмұны қарапайым жол болып табылады.
Біз кодтау ретінде utf-8 таңдағандықтан, браузер веб-бетті осы кодтауда көрсетеді. Дегенмен, құжат мәтінінің өзі де таңдалған utf-8 кодтауына сәйкес болуы керек. Әдетте, әртүрлі мәтіндік редакторларда кодтауды орнату үшін сәйкес параметрлер бар. Мысалы, Notepad++ бағдарламасында «Кодтаулар» мәзіріне өтіп, ашылатын тізімнен UTF-8-ге BOM сыз түрлендіру элементін таңдау керек:
Осыдан кейін қалып-күй жолында сіз UTF-8 W/o BOM көре аласыз , ол қажетті кодтау орнатылғанын көрсетеді.
Браузерде index.html файлын сақтап, ашайық:
Осылайша, біз бірінші HTML5 құжатын жасадық. title Элементте біз «HTML5 құжаты» тақырыбын көрсеткендіктен, браузер қойындысында осындай атау болады.
utf-8 кодтауы көрсетілгендіктен, веб-шолғыш кириллица таңбаларын дұрыс көрсетеді.
body Біз браузердің негізгі өрісінде элементтің ішінде анықталған барлық мәтінді көреміз.
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